Cooling apparatus for congealable substances



. May 31, 1927. 1,630,864

o. c. SCHMIDT COOLING APPARATUS FOR CONGEALABLE SUBSTANCES Filed July 12. 1924 s Sheets-Sheet 2 no u: 2m

- 1,630,864 M 1927' o. c. SCHMIDT COOLING'APPARAIYUS FOR coNeEAL'ABLE SUBSTANCES Filed July 12, 1924 s Shee ts-Sheet a I 'H 23 I H I] H A I \l6-+ [DY M mu w-w- Patented May 31, 19 27.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' OSCAR C. SCHMIDT, OI CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOB TO THE CINCINNATI BUTCHERS SUPPLY COMPANY, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

COOLING APPARATUS FOR CONGEALABLE snssrmons.

. Application filed July 12, 1924. Serial No. 725,636.

My invention relates to cooling apparatus for congeal'able substances, and is applicable for instance for congealing melted lard, although it may be used for other purposes.

In, employing my improved device in hardening or congealing lard, the melted lard, received from the rendering apparatus,

the body of the roll for cooling the roll. A

safety valve is usually employed to guard against too high a pressure in the roll, but

- on account of neglect of operators in testing the safety valve with sufficient frequency, explosions of rolls have taken place, resultin in injury and destruction to persons an property.

I avoid these objections in my improved device, in which I employ'cooling piping in the roll, and surround the piping with a temperature-transmitting fluid, for transmitting the cooling effect from the piping to the wall of the roll, and I further so arrange the piping as to avoid air pockets therein, which would result in hammering and noises in the piping, and would be detrimental to the uniform passage of the cooling agency through the piping.

I prefer to arrange the piping with an inlet and with an outlet which are coincident with the axis of rotation of the roll, and to arrange the piping in the roll so as to be maintained below the upper portions of the axial passage for the cooling agent passing through the trunnions of the roll, and

preferably formed in loops arranged in tiers one above the other; so that'the expanding gases rise from tier to tier and. are discharged in such a manner as to avoid the formation of air-pockets in the piping.

It is the object of my invention, further, to provide cooling piping inside the roll, formed in loops extending lengthwise of the roll, and arranged so that the change of elevation in the piping from its lowermost .pointin the roll is a continuous rise from elevation to elevation until discharged from the roll.

It is the object of my invention, further,

to provide a roll of the character mentioned with trunnions at its ends, journaled in bearings, and piping in the roll having extensions at the outer ends of said bearings, and supplemental bearings beyond .theends of said first-named bearings arranged to support said pipe-extensions; and, further, to provide a roll of the character mentioned with trunnions, and stationary bushings in the trunnions having-inlet and outlet pas sages for a refrigerating gas therethrough and supporting cooling pipes at their inner ends inside the roll.

The invention will be further readily understood from the following description and claims, and from the drawings, in which latter broken away.

- Fig. 4 is a detail taken in section on th line 4-4 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a vertical longitudinal section of my improved device, taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2, partly broken away.

Fig. 6 is a cross-section, taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail in section, taken on the line 77 of Fig. 8.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of my improved device, with the roll and parts in connection therewith partly in section in the plane of the line 8-8 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 9 is a horizontal section of the roll and the piping therein, taken in the. plane of the line 99 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 10 is a similar View, taken in the plane of the line 1010 of Fig. 3; and,

Fig. 11 is a similar view, taken in the plane of the line 1111 of Fig. 3.

' 21 represents a roll, exemplified as having :1 lengthwise inclosing wall 22, shown in the form of a cylinder, and heads 23, 24, the

ends of the Wall 22 being received in annular rabbets 25 in the heads, the parts being clamped together for forming a tightjoint between the walls by means of tie-rods 26 and nuts 27. v

The heads are provided with trunnions 31, 32, journaled in bearings 33', 34, on end: frames 35, 36, secured together-by means of tie-rods 37. Bushings 41, 42, extend through the respective trunnions. These bushings extend outwardly beyond the trunnions, and are'respectively supported in supplemental bearings 43, 44. The bearing 43- is fixed on a floor-stand 45, and having a bracket46 thereon, on which an electric .motor 47 is fixed. A set-screw 48 fixes the bushing in said bearing.

The. bearing 44 is fixed to brackets 51, shown in the form of channel-irons, fixed by bolts 52 to the 11 per ends of the bearing 34, the supplementa bearing 44 being fixed to the outer ends of said brackets by bolts 53.

A set-screw 54 fixes the bushing 42 to the bearing 44.

The inner ends of the bushings are provided with heads 55, 56, from which piperacks '57, 58, are suspended, being shown fixed thereto by bolts 59. Each of these pipe-racks consists of an upper cross-piece 61, secured to the bushing, and depending hanger-strips 62, which converge toward their lower ends, and are fixed to said upper cross-piece. Cross supporting strips 63, 64, 65, are fixed to said depending strips.

Piping is provided for the inside of the roll, and is exemplified as formed in loops 71, extending lengthwise of the roll, the

'loops being arranged in series 72, 73, 74 and 75, preferabl arranged in tiers one above 'the other. T e piping has extensions 77, 78,

at its respective ends, forming passages through the bushings, valves 79, 80, being located at the outer ends of said extensions for controlling the passage of the cooling gas through the piping. The valve 7 9 is a pressure-reducing valve for controlling the expansion of the gas admitted into the piping,

and the valve is a pressure-controlling valve for aiding in controlling the expansion of gas in the piping. Y

The cooling agent which I prefer to employ is ammonia, which is compressed to substantially liquid state and at a pressure of approximately 180 pounds per square inch at the outer end of the valve 79, which is preferably regulated so that the gas in the piping located in the roll expands in the piping to a reduced pressure of approximately 18 pounds per square inch, as an example.

The gas is drawn from the piping through the valve 80, in the practical operation of the device, by means of a suitable compresser, which compresses the ammonia gas to its highly compressed or liquid state,

drawing the gas through the valve 80, so as ably a salt-brine of high salt content, regis- I tering for instance one hundred degrees on a pickle scale or salometer.

The roll is preferably filled with such cooling liquid, through which heat is transmitted from the wall of the hollow roll to the piping, heat in saidwall being transmitted to said liquid, and heat of said liquid being transmitted to said piping. The cooling liquid is received into and discharged from the rollthrough holes 82, each nor mally closed by a plug 83 threaded into said hole.

There is preferably a compressible packing 85 between the outer end of each of the 'trunnions and its bushing, comprising, for

instance, a gasket 86 and a gland 87 received in an annular rabbet 88 in the trunnion about the bushing, the gland being adjustable by suitable nuts 89 received over I bolts 90.

- A compressible packing 91 is located between the outer end of each of the bushings and the extension of the pipe therein, and

may comprise a gasket 92 \and a gland 93 received in an annular rabbet 94 between the bushing and the extension of the pipe, the gland being threaded in the wall of said rabbet for adjustment.

The packings 85 prevent escape of fluid through the joint between the rotating trunnion and the stationary bushing, and the packings 91 prevent escape of gas through the joint between the pipe and the bushing.

The trunnion 31 has a. gear 97 fixed thereto. This gear is meshed with a pinion 98 fixed to the armature shaft of the motor.

The inlet extension of the pipe is received through the bushing 41. The piping in the roll at its inlet end is preferably provided with an abrupt bend 101 from which a descending portion 102 of the piping extends preferably directly to the lower length 75 of the loops of piping in the roll, connecting therewith by an abrupt bend 103.

The other end of said lowermost stretch of piping is connected with the second series of loops by an ascending branch 105 connecting with a side stretch of the second series of loops. the gas rising therethrough from the lowermost series to the second series of loops. The other end of said second series of loops is connected with the third varied, depending largely on the diameter of the cooling roll, a larger diameter of cooling roll being preferably provided with a greater number of series of loops. I have shown a preferred arrangement of loops. Other arrangements of piping may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention expressed in the appended claims. 7 V

The ends of the loops are supported by the cross-pieces 63, 64, 65, supported by the bushings at the respective ends of the drum and the hangers to which they are secured,

forming racks for supporting the piping.

Intermediate racks 111, 112, may also be provided for aiding in supporting the piping and maintaining the same in level relation. Said intermediate racks may comprise an up r cross-piece 1'13 and supporting cross-pieces 114, 115, 116, and hangers 117 to which the cross-pieces are rigidly secured. The piping in the roll is preferably so arranged that the incoming gas is at once directedto the lowermost point in the piping, and from said lowermost point gas is permitted to move horizontally or upwardly to its outlet, whereby air-pockets in the piping are avoided, and continuous travel and expansion of the gas is assured.

The substance operated on, for instance lard, may be received from the. rendering apparatus through a pipe 121, having branches 122, on which there are nozzles- 123, provided with valves 124, for discharging into a trough 125, extending lengthwise of the roll. The trough comprises a troughsection 126, which comprises a bottom, an outer wall, and end walls, and is supported by brackets 127 on the end-frames of the machine. The brackets are rigidly secured to the end-frames, and have guide-ways 128, in which the trough-section is slidable. The

outer wall of the roll forms the inner wall of the trough. The trough-section is urged toward the roll by means of springs 131, received about rods 132, fixed to lugs 133, extending from the respective brackets.

The rods are receivedthrough lugs 134 formed on the ends of the trough-section, the springs being located between said lugs and nuts 135 threaded over the outer threaded ends of said rods. Adjustment of the nuts forces the'trough-section with greater or less pressure toward the periphery of the roll. There may be a cushion-lining 137 dovetailed into the inner edges of the trough-section for cushioning said inner edges against the roll and preventing leakage of material between the trough-section and the roll.

A scraper-blade 141 extends lengthwise of the roll, and is preferably supported on the lower wall of the trough-section, the scra erblade being preferably a flexible blade, xed to a bar 142 extending lengthwise of the bottom of the trough-section, and held slidably thereto by means of screws 143, threaded into the bottom of the trough section through slots 144 in said bar. 'Adjusting screws 145 are threaded into an apron 146 depending from the trough-section, and abut the bars 142 for urging the scraper-blade toward the outer periphery of the roll.

Molten material, for instance hot lard, is fed into the trough. The'roll rotates in the direction of the arrow a, andcarries with it adhering material from the trough. peripheral wall of 'the roll being cooled, causes congealing of the material upon the same as it is carried about with the roll, the congealing continuing until the scraper blade is reached, which latter acts to scrape the congealed material from the roll. The material thus scraped from the roll may be received'into a trough 148, from which it is removed by suitable conveyor or other mechanism.

By means of my improved device regular absorption of heat from the wall of the roll to the piping is maintained for cooling said wall, and the tcn'i -erature of the outer periphery of the roll is readily regulated to provide proper cooling surface for the con-- gealable substance, for instance lard, open ated on, according to the speed with which the substance operated on is fed to the roll and the speed of rotation of the roll.

The apparatus is simple and safe, and effective for congealing the material, and for feeding the hot material and gathering the cooled material. Danger from explosion of the roll is avoided, for the reason that-the gas expands in the pipe only, which is (.flptl' ble of withstanding a greater pressure than the roll, and if a rupture in the piping should take place, it is cushioned by the cooling liquid in the roll and danger therefrom is avoided.

Having thus fully described my invention. what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

The

1. In a cooling apparatus for congealahle roll, Whereby'to resist the formation of airpockets in said piping, said roll arranged for receiving a cooling fluid therein about said pipingwhereby to abstract heat from the outer wall of said roll by said piping, means for feeding the substance to. be operated on in liquid form against the outer periphery of said roll, and means for removing said substance from said outer periphery.

2. *In cooling apparatus for congealable substances, the combination of a "hollow roll, means for rotating the. same, cooling piping in said roll having an inlet-extension and w an outlet-extension, said extensions being substantially coincident with the axis of retation of said roll, said piping between said inlet-extension and said outlet-extension being arranged in Y substantially horizontal loops, said loops located solely within the middle portion and the lower portion of said roll, and constructed and arranged for receiving a body of cooling fluid between said piping and the outer wall of said roll for a stracting heat from said wall'by said body of cooling fluid and abstracting heat from the latter by said piping, means for I f feeding the substance 'to be congealed in liquidform against the outer periphery of said roll, and means for removing said substance in congealed form from said outer periphcry.

3. In congelation apparatus, the combination of a hollow roll having an outer periphery on which the cooling takes place,

- -means for rotating said roll, coolinglpiping in said roll, means for supporting said piping non-rotatively in said roll comprising a bushing and an extension of said piping in said bushing, said roll comprising a trunnion in which said bushing is located, means for securing said bushing against rotation,

packing between said trunnion and said bushing, packing between said bushing and tion of a hollow roll having an outer periph-- ery on which the cooling takes place, means for rotating said roll, cooling piping. in said roll, means for supporting said piping nonrotatively in said roll, a body of brine liquid in said roll surrounding said piping to abstract heat from the wall of said roll by said body of liquid and to abstract heat from said body of liquid by said piping, said piping formed inloops extending lengthwise of said roll and arranged in superposed series continuously feeding from a lower series to a series thereabove, and feeding means vand take-ofl' means for the outer periphery of said roll.

5. In a cooling apparatus for cong'ealable substances, the combination of a hollow roll, coollng piping in said roll consisting of reversely arranged lengths of pipe extending lengthwise of the roll and arranged in series one above another with each. lower series feeding into a series thereabove, said cooling piping provided with an infeeding section having connection with said lower series and with an out-feeding section having connection with said upper series, said sections being substantially coincident with the axis of rotation'of said roll, and constructed and arranged for receiving a body of cooling liquid in said roll about said piping for abstracting heat from said roll by said cooling 4 liquid and'abstracting heatfrom said cooling liquid by said piping, means for feed ing the substance to be congealed in liquid form against the outer periphery of said roll, and meansfor removing said substance in cooled state from said outer periphery.

6. In a cooling apparatus for congealable substances, the combination of a rotatable hollow roll, said roll having journal extensions at its respective ends, bearings at the ends of said roll for said journal extensions, stationary bushings in said bearings, cooling piping in said roll, and pipe racks stationarily supported by said stationary bushings, said cooling piping supported by said pipe racks, and said cooling piping comprlsing end extensions in sa d stationary bushings.

7 In a cooling apparatus for congealable substances, the combination of a rotatable' hollow roll, said roll having journal extensions at its respective ends, bearings at the ends of said roll for said journal extensions, stationary bushings in said bearings, cooling piping in said roll supported by said bushings, said cooling piping having end-extensions in said bushings, supplemental outer bearings for said bushings, stationary supports for the latter, compressible packings between said end-extensions and the outer ends of said bushings, and compressible packings between said first-named bearings and said bushings located between said firstnamed bearings and said second-named bearings.

8. In a cooling apparatus for congealable substances, the combination of a substantially horizontal hollow roll provided with end-trunnions on which the same is rotated, cooling piping arranged in loops in said roll, said loops extending lengthwise of said roll and arranged insuperposed series in said .roll, said piping including an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends of said roll substa r tially coincident with the axis of rotation of said roll, said inlet having connection with the lowest of said series by means of a substantially direct downward passage connection, each lower series having passage connection with a series thereabovc, the upper series having passage connection with said outlet, said rollarranged for receiving a body of cooling liquid surrounding said piping in said roll for abstracting heat from the wall of said roll by said body of liquid and abstracting heat from said body of liquid by said piping, means for feeding the substance to be cooled in liquid form against the outer periphery of said roll, and means for removing the cooled substance from said outer periphery.

9. In a cooling apparatus for congealable substances, the combination of a substantially horizontal hollow roll provided with end-trunnions on which the same is rotated, cooling piping arranged in loops in said roll, said loops extending lengthwise of said roll and arranged in superposed series in said roll said piping including an inlet and an outlet at opposite ends of said roll substantially coincident with the axis of rotation ofsaid roll, said inlet having connection with the lowest of said series by means of a substantially abrupt downward passage connection, each lower series having passage connection with a series thereabove, the upper series having passage connection with said outlet, said piping located wholly below the horizontal plane of the upper portions of said trunnions, said roll arranged for receiving a body of cooling liquid surrounding said piping in said roll for abstracting heat from the wall of said roll by said body of liquid and abstracting heat from said body of liquid by said piping, means for feeding the substance to be cooled inliquid form against the outer periphery of said roll, and means for removing the cooled substance from said outer periphery.

10. In a cooling apparatus of the character described, the combination of a hollow roll, trunnions at the ends of said roll, bearings therefor, stationary bushings in said trunnions, cooling piping in said roll sup 11. In a cooling apparatus of the character described, the combination of a substantially horizontal hollow roll, means for rotating the same, piping in said roll having an inlet-extension and an outlet-extension, said extensions being substantially coincident with the axis of rotation of said roll, said piping between saidextensions arranged in substantially horizontal loops extending lengthwise of said roll, said loops arranged in superposed substantially hori zontal series, the lowest loop of saidhorizontal loops having connection with said inlet-extension and each lower series having connection with the series thereabove, the upper series having connection with said outlet-extension, said roll arranged for receiving a body of cooling liquid surrounding said piping, said roll provided with openlngs for charging said liquid into and discharging the same out of said roll, and control means for said openings.

12. In a cooling apparatus of the character described, the combination of a frame, a substantially horizontal hollow roll, trunnions therefor, bearings for the latter on said frame, bushings in said trunnions, piping in said roll,- said piping having endextensions in said bushings, outer supports for said bushings spaced endwise from said first-named bearings, a floor-stand supporting one of said outer supports, a bracket extending from said frame supporting the other of said outer supports, and driving means for rotating said roll located between said iioor-stand and said frame.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

OSCAR C. SCHMIDT. 

